Ghumakkad (parampara ka diya naam)

Ye baat aayi kahan se

Do alag dhaaraayein hain, aur dono utni purani nahi jitni batayi jati hain. Pythagoras ne khud kuch likha hi nahi - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy likhta hai ki baad ke srot saaf kehte hain ki unhone kuch nahi likha - aur jo ank-siddhant unke naam par chalta hai wo zyadatar unke baad walon ka kaam hai. Walter Burkert ka tark hai ki ye Philolaus (lagbhag 470-385 BC) ki den thi, aur vidwan tetraktys jaise hisson ko Aristotle ke baad ka, Neopythagorean vikas maante hain. Pythagoreans ke baare me jo bacha hai wo Nicomachus, Porphyry aur Iamblichus jaise sadiyon baad ke lekhakon se aaya, jinke baare me Stanford Encyclopedia kehta hai ki unke apne agende the, itihaas se unka lena-dena kam tha. Paanch ke baare me jo ek theek-thaak baat tikti hai wo ye ki niyamit pentagon aur pentagram ko Pythagoreans ke yahan swasthya ka pratik bataya jata hai. Aaj bikne wala 'azaadi aur badlav' wala arth iske muqable bahut naya hai: Mrs L. Dow Balliett (1847-1929) ne 1904 se 1917 ke beech chhapi apni kitabon me angrezi letter-value system khada kiya, aur adhunik numerology ki shuruaat ka shrey unhein diya jata hai; 20vi sadi ke pehle aadhe me American shikshakon ki unki paramparaa ne ise standard bana diya. 11, 22 aur 33 ko na todne wala 'master number' niyam kisi prachin granth me nahi milta - wo isi adhunik dhaara ka hissa hai. Ank-graha table bhi isi tarah angrezi me mash-hoor hast-rekha jyotishi Cheiro (1866-1936) aur unki Book of Numbers ke zariye phaila - ek adhunik zamane ka vyavsayik prakashan, koi prachin pramaan nahi. Is sab ko 'prachin' kehna record se zyada dava karna hai.

Two separate lineages, and both are younger than they are made to sound. Pythagoras left no writings - the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that later sources explicitly assert he wrote nothing - and the number doctrine credited to him is largely the work of successors. Walter Burkert argued it was an innovation of Philolaus (c. 470-385 BC), and specialists treat parts of the symbolism, such as the tetraktys, as a post-Aristotelian, Neopythagorean development. What survives about the Pythagoreans reaches us through writers centuries later - Nicomachus, Porphyry, Iamblichus - whom the Stanford Encyclopedia describes as having strong agendas with little to do with historical accuracy. The one concrete point that does hold for five is that the regular pentagon and pentagram are reported to have symbolised health for the Pythagoreans. The freedom-and-change reading sold today is far younger: Mrs L. Dow Balliett (1847-1929) built the English letter-value system in books published between 1904 and 1917 and is credited with creating the modern style of numerology, and a lineage of American teachers standardised it across the first half of the twentieth century. The master-number rule that leaves 11, 22 and 33 unreduced has no attestation in any ancient source and belongs to this same modern lineage. The number-to-planet table likewise spread in English through the popular palmist-astrologer Cheiro (1866-1936) and his Book of Numbers - a commercial publication of the modern era, not an ancient authority. Calling any of this 'ancient' claims more than the record supports.